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Eczema is an inflammation of the skin. It is not life-threatening or contagious. However, it typically causes itchiness, discomfort and a dry, scaly rash. The terms “eczema” and “dermatitis” are usually used interchangeably. There are several types of eczema, but most people use the term to refer to the most common variety known as atopic dermatitis.

Eczema is a common condition that affects people of all ages and races. It usually begins early in life, typically before the age of 5, and often appears periodically throughout a person’s lifetime. In some cases, the condition will improve over time. In other cases, it will remain chronic (ongoing). Although some children outgrow the condition, they usually are plagued with dry skin that is easily irritated for the rest of their lives.

Because the disease is intensely itchy, patients often have the urge to rub or scratch the affected area. However, this only makes the condition worse.

Several different triggers for eczema have been identified. They include:

• Bacteria
• Abrasive clothing (e.g., wool)
• Consuming and handling certain foods
• Illness
• Jewelry
• Physical or mental stress
• Rubbing the skin
• Soaps, detergents, lotions
• Perfume
• Sweating
• Weather (hot, cold, humid or dry)
• Exposure to skin irritants (e.g., solvents such as gasoline) or allergens (e.g., dust mites, pollen, mold, pet dander) 

Eczema is often hereditary and may be found in other family members. People who suffer from severe eczema often also have hay fever or asthma, or have family members who do.