Electrical therapy is a pain management technique that uses mild electrical currents to stimulate nerves and muscles.

Some electrical therapy techniques may alleviate pain by blocking the transmission of pain signals along nerves. Others may work by promoting the release of endorphins (hormones in the brain that reduce pain sensations). Electrical therapy may be offered in settings including physical therapy, occupational therapy or chiropractic. It is sometimes used in conjunction with other types of pain treatments, such as medications or biofeedback.

Electrical therapy is used to treat a wide variety of acute and chronic pain conditions, including back pain, headaches and arthritis.

There are many types of electrical therapy, including transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), electroacupuncture and spinal cord stimulation.

Before treatment, a physician may review the patient’s medical history, perform a physical examination and conduct a pain assessment. If the physician determines that electrical stimulation can help a patient, the physician will recommend or prescribe the treatment.

Depending on the treatment technique, there are a variety of ways electrical therapy can be administered. Many techniques involve the placement of electrodes (small, flat adhesive discs) or wires over the body part to be stimulated. The electrodes are connected to a machine that serves as the power source for the electrical current. Patients usually receive several treatments over a period of time. The treatments may be performed by a healthcare professional or in some cases may be self-administered after training.

Benefits of electrical therapy can include:

• Pain relief
• Increased function, mobility and range of motion
• Ease of use and administration
• Possible decreased need for medications

Potential  side effects of electrical stimulation include irritation of skin at the site of the electrode and vasodilation (widening of the blood vessels).