An electrolyte panel is a group of blood tests that measure levels of electrolytes to assess the functioning of a patient’s organ systems. Electrolytes are minerals that are found naturally in the body and help regulate many functions.

Electrolytes that are often measured include calcium, potassium, chloride and sodium, although there are many others. The results of an electrolyte panel can help a physician make a diagnosis or monitor the progress of treatment with medications.

Abnormal electrolyte levels may be caused by several conditions, including diabetes, other endocrine conditions and diabetic complications, including:

• Diabetic nephropathy. Kidney disease or damage caused by diabetes.
  
  
• Diabetic ketoacidosis. A serious condition that can occur when a severe lack of insulin causes the body to break down fats instead of glucose (blood sugar) for energy.
  
  
• Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome. A serious condition that includes high glucose (hyperglycemia) and dehydration.

Hyperthyroidism. Overactive thyroid gland, which can deprive the bones and other tissues of calcium.

Parathyroid disorders. Conditions that can impair bones, nerves and muscles by affecting levels of calcium and phosporus.

Patients need to inform their physician of all prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, herbal remedies and vitamin supplements that they may be taking because a wide variety of substances, including insulin and antidiabetic agents, can affect test results. They also need to follow their physician’s orders regarding foods, beverages or medications that can be taken (or should be avoided) before the test.