Endocarditis is a relatively uncommon but very dangerous inflammation, usually caused by infection in vulnerable areas of the endocardium – the innermost layer of the heart’s chambers and valves.

There are several types of endocarditis, ranging from acute forms that appear suddenly to subacute types that develop gradually over time. The condition is usually caused by bacteria that enter the body by various means, such as cuts, minor surgeries and dental procedures.

In the vast majority of patients, endocarditis can be effectively treated with medication and/or surgery. Nevertheless, endocarditis can cause serious damage or even death if left untreated. Because of the dangerous nature of this condition, people at moderate and high risk for endocarditis (e.g., those with any type of valvular heart disease) are strongly advised to take antibiotics both before and immediately after any dental or medical procedure. This preventive action can help to kill any bacteria that enter the bloodstream as a result of the procedure, minimizing the risk of developing endocarditis.