There is no cure for fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). The physical, mental and behavioral defects caused by FAS are irreversible and last a lifetime.

Early diagnosis and treatment of FAS may focus on accommodating a child’s special needs. For example, children may be able to better deal with their learning disabilities or difficulties through special education programs. Children with mental retardation as a result of FAS may require long-term home or residential care. Eyeglasses or hearing aids may be necessary for children with vision difficulties or hearing problems. Counseling, advocacy and vocational training are sometimes used to reduce the likelihood of additional problems associated with FAS (e.g., mental health disorders, unemployment, legal problems). Medications are sometimes used to treat certain emotional or behavioral effects of FAS, such as hyperactivity, impulsive behavior or sleep disorders. Surgery may be required for heart defects.

Parents of children with FAS are encouraged to become familiar with resources available in the community, including family support groups. This may provide information about their child’s condition as well as emotional support.

The most important care a parent can provide a child with FAS is a stable, nurturing home environment. Children with FAS should be taught living skills in a supportive environment where acceptable behavior is rewarded. This can help children with FAS avoid complications later in life (e.g., dropping out of school, substance abuse, problems with the law). In addition, children with FAS may be unusually naive – parents may need to protect their child from those who might take advantage of them.

Additional tips for parents of children with FAS include:

• Maintain consistent daily routines.
• Keep rules simple.
• Limit stimulation.
• Use specific language and real-life (nonabstract) examples.
• Provide multisensory (visual, auditory and touch) learning opportunities.
• Keep expectations realistic.
• Provide supervision.