Foot pain is characterized by discomfort in any part of the foot, including the ankle, heel, sole, arch and toes. Foot pain can result from a number of conditions and can affect people regardless of their level of activity.

The feet support the body and move it throughout the lifetime. The foot’s complex anatomy includes more than one-fourth of the bones in the body, in addition to many joints, muscles, ligaments and tendons. All these parts must interact smoothly to function. Despite the complexity of the foot’s interior, many soures of foot pain originate elsewhere. For example, a herniated disc in the back can cause nerve pain running down the leg into the foot.

Footwear that compresses the feet or toes or is not adequate for a given activity causes many of the pressure-related problems in the feet, such as corns, calluses and bunions. Lack of hygiene exposes the feet to fungal infections, which can flourish in the warm, moist environment inside most shoes.

People with certain diseases are especially prone to foot pain. Individuals with arthritis can have inflamed joints in the feet, which can lead to pain in the toes and ankles. Diabetic complications of the nervous and circulatory systems can also affect the feet and increase the likelihood of foot ulcers. When diabetic foot problems are not treated promptly, they may eventually progress to the point where amputation is the only treatment.

Other sources of foot pain include injuries, such as fractures and tendon ruptures. Some strains, such as plantar fasciitis , may affect athletes or sedentary people. Connective tissue (fascia) on the bottom of the foot may become inflamed and cause heel pain when standing or moving. Nerves in the feet may be compressed or irritated by bony growths that cause pain or burning sensations.

The source of most foot pain can be identified with a physical examination from a physician or podiatrist (foot doctor).  X-rays or other imaging studies may be needed to confirm other conditions.

Although traumatic injuries and strains may require casts or even surgery, most foot pain can be alleviated with simpler measures. These may include:

• Proper foot hygiene
• Wearing properly fitting shoes
• Cushions or pads in shoes for comfort
• Orthotics (specially designed inserts for shoes)
• Stretching exercises before and after an activity
• Physical therapy
• Medications