A physical examination performed by a physician or podiatrist (foot specialist) can help identify the source of foot pain. A physician can identify many foot problems by sight and may be able to detect the source of others with palpation (feeling).

The physician may ask the patient to walk and flex the foot to identify the source of pain and assess the patient’s ability to move the foot. Shoes may also be examined for adequate support and correct fit. The physician may assess sensation with a filament or other device.

Certain tests are commonly used to investigate foot pain. Some of these include:

• X-rays. An image of the foot is produced on special film or a fluorescent screen, using low doses of radiation. X-rays are useful for identifying bone fractures and misalignments.
  
  

  
  

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). This noninvasive or minimally invasive test uses powerful magnets to produce images on a computer screen. MRIs are used for bone and soft tissue problems, especially for slight fractures called stress fractures that may not be immediately visible on an x-ray.

• Synovial fluid analysis. A needle is used to take a sample of fluid from a joint. It can be used to detect some forms of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis and gout.
  
  
• Bone scan. This type of radionuclide imaging identifies areas of breakdown, infection or abnormal growth.
  
  
• Blood tests. A cholesterol test can reveal whether Achilles tendon pain is due to familial hypercholesterolemia.
  
  
• Electromyography. This is seldom needed to diagnose neuropathy but can be used if needed.