Use the A-Z list to browse more than 6,000 health-related topics in our library. Clicking on a term opens the definition and, in most cases, links to more information.
"FQPA" is more commonly referred to as "Food Quality Protection Act" in the medical community. Food Quality Protection Act
Legislation passed by Congress in 1996 that mandates a single standard for pesticides in foods, provides protections for children, speeds approval of safer pesticides and promotes crop protection tools.
"FRAC" is more commonly referred to as "Food Research and Action Center" in the medical community. Food Research and Action Center
A nonprofit advocacy group for children that works to improve public policies to end hunger and poor nutrition in the United States. It was founded in 1970.
The total amount of urine produced by an individual within a specific segment of the day -- most commonly breakfast to lunch, lunch to dinner, dinner to bedtime or bedtime to rising. More Information on Fractional Urine: Diabetes & Endocrine Tests
Also Known As: "Simple Fractures, Oblique Fractures, Closed Fractures, Compound Fractures, Stress Fractures, Open Fractures, Impacted Fractures, Converse Fractures"
A break, rupture or crack - especially in bone or cartilage - that is often painful. Most often caused by trauma, fractures may remain under the skin (closed) or break through (open). Types include: simple, compound, impacted, oblique, stress and converse. More Information on Fractures: Infection & Trauma Pain
A break, rupture or crack (especially in bone or cartilage) that is often painful. Most often caused by trauma, children’s bones are still growing and require special care when fractured. More Information on Fractures & Children: Pediatric First Aid & Safety
Also Known As: "FXS, Marker X Syndrome, Martin Bell Syndrome"
A weakness on the X chromosome that can lead to mental retardation and/or autism. Hyperactivity and enlarged physical features (e.g., face, ears, testicles) are also often present. More Information on Fragile X Syndrome: Birth & Genetic Disorders
A brand of anticoagulants, medications that decrease the ability of the blood to clot. While clotting is a necessary and life-sustaining function, anticoagulants reduce the risk of a clot forming and blocking blood flow through a major blood vessel. More Information on Fragmin: Heart Drug & Medication
Also Known As: "Perfume Allergy, Perfume Sensitivity, Fragrance Sensitivity"
The primary cause of skin allergies caused by cosmetics. Reactions to fragrance chemicals can produce rashes, hives or eczema. Products labeled "unscented" or "fragrance free" can still cause an allergic reaction. More Information on Fragrance Allergy: Cosmetic, Chemical & Metal
Also Known As: "Perfume Allergy, Fragrance Sensitivity, Perfume Sensitivity, Fragrance Allergy"
The primary cause of skin allergies caused by cosmetics. Reactions to fragrance chemicals can produce rashes, hives or eczema. Products labeled "unscented" or "fragrance free" can still cause an allergic reaction. More Information on Fragrance Irritation & Allergies: Cosmetic, Chemical & Metal
Also Known As: "Perfume Allergy, Perfume Sensitivity, Fragrance Allergy"
The primary cause of skin allergies caused by cosmetics. Reactions to fragrance chemicals can produce rashes, hives or eczema. Products labeled "unscented" or "fragrance free" can still cause an allergic reaction. More Information on Fragrance Sensitivity: Cosmetic, Chemical & Metal
Also Known As: "The Heart Study, Framingham Study, Framingham Heart Disease Epidemiology Study"
A study of cardiovascular disease originally started in 1948 by the agency now known as the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. The project sought to identify the causes and risk factors associated with heart disease and stroke. More Information on Framingham: Heart Risk Factors
Also Known As: "The Heart Study, Framingham, Framingham Study"
A study of cardiovascular disease originally started in 1948 by the agency now known as the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. The project sought to identify the causes and risk factors associated with heart disease and stroke. More Information on Framingham Heart Disease Epidemiology Study: Heart Risk Factors
Also Known As: "The Heart Study, Framingham Heart Disease Epidemiology Study, Framingham, Framingham Study"
A study of cardiovascular disease originally started in 1948 by the agency now known as the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. The project sought to identify the causes and risk factors associated with heart disease and stroke. More Information on Framingham Heart Study: Heart Risk Factors
Also Known As: "The Heart Study, Framingham Heart Disease Epidemiology Study, Framingham"
A study of cardiovascular disease originally started in 1948 by the agency now known as the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. The project sought to identify the causes and risk factors associated with heart disease and stroke. More Information on Framingham Study: Heart Risk Factors
"Franceschetti-Goldenhar Syndrome" is more commonly referred to as "Oculoauriculovertebral Dysplasia" in the medical community. Oculoauriculovertebral Dysplasia
Also Known As: "OAV, Goldenhar-Gorlin Syndrome, Lateral Facial Dysplasia, First Arch Syndrome, First And Second Branchial Arch Syndrome, Necrotic Facial Dysplasia, Intrauterine Facial Necrosis"
A multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation (MCA/MR) syndrome that could cause mild to severe physical and developmental problems. Some cases are complicated by one or more birth defects of the heart. More Information on Oculoauriculovertebral Dysplasia: Pediatric Heart
"Franceschetti-Zwalen-Klein Syndrome" is more commonly referred to as "Treacher Collins Syndrome" in the medical community. Treacher Collins Syndrome
Also Known As: "Treacher Collins-Franceschetti Syndrome 1, Mandibulofacial Dysostosis, TCOF 1, MFD"
A hereditary condition that primarily affects the structures of the head and face and is often associated with some degree of hearing loss. It may include one or more birth defects of the heart. More Information on Treacher Collins Syndrome: Birth & Genetic Disorders
"Francisella Tularensis Infection" is more commonly referred to as "Tularemia" in the medical community. Tularemia
Also Known As: "Rabbit Fever"
Infection caused by the organism Francisella tularensis. It is common in wild rodents and often is transmitted to humans by contact with animal tissues or ticks. More Information on Tularemia: Bioterror Related Diseases
Increase in pigment in the innermost (basal) layer of the top layer of skin (epidermis). They typically develop due to repeated sun exposure. Sun-exposed areas such as the nose and shoulders are the primary sites of freckles. More Information on Freckles: Skin Discoloration
A five-point scale that identifies patterns of elevated cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia (too many fat-transporting lipoproteins). It is used to determine the best treatment for adults with this condition. More Information on Fredrickson Classification System: Cholesterol
"Free Gingival Grafts" is more commonly referred to as "Soft Tissue Grafts" in the medical community. Soft Tissue Grafts
Also Known As: "Gum Grafts, Connective Tissue Grafts, Gum Graft Procedure, Pedicle Grafts"
Used in patients with receding gums to add tissue to prevent further recession, cover the exposed root, stop sensitivity and improve appearance. The three types are free gingival grafts, connective-tissue grafts and pedicle grafts. More Information on Soft Tissue Grafts: Oral Health Basics
Short-lived, reactive chemicals often derived from oxygen-containing compounds that damage cells, especially DNA and cell membranes. They are common byproducts of normal chemical reactions occurring in cells.
Also Known As: "Freiberg Infraction, Kohler Second Disease, Second Metatarsal Osteochondrosis"
Osteochondrosis (degeneration of ossification center in a bone) of the head of the second metatarsal (between foot and ankle) bone. It can cause pain and tenderness. More Information on Freiberg Disease: Arm & Leg Pain
Also Known As: "Kohler Second Disease, Second Metatarsal Osteochondrosis"
Osteochondrosis (degeneration of ossification center in a bone) of the head of the second metatarsal (between foot and ankle) bone. It can cause pain and tenderness. More Information on Freiberg Infraction: Arm & Leg Pain
A small band of skin that attaches a moving body area to a stationary one. In the mouth, this includes one each (upper and lower) running between the two front teeth and the lips (labial frenum). The third is under the tongue (frenum linguae). More Information on Frena: Oral Health Basics
The name for a phenomenon observed in the citizens of France, who have lower rates of heart disease than people whose diets contain similar amounts of fat. Experts have suggested that moderate drinking of red wine may be partly responsible. More Information on French Paradox: Popular Diets
A procedure to remove an overly large labial frenum, the piece of gum tissue above and between the two front teeth that connects to the lip. A large frenum can impede the front teeth from closing naturally, leaving a gap known as a diastema. More Information on Frenectomy: Oral Health Basics
A procedure to remove an overly large labial frenum, the piece of gum tissue above and between the two front teeth that connects to the lip. A large frenum can impede the front teeth from closing naturally, leaving a gap known as a diastema. More Information on Frenectomy Procedure: Oral Health Basics
Surgery to correct a problem with the attachment of the lingual frenum (midline sheath of tissue attached to the base of the tongue), which frees movement of the tongue and treats a condition called tongue tie (ankyloglossia). More Information on Frenulectomy: Oral Health Basics
A small band of skin that attaches a moving body area to a stationary one. In the mouth, this includes one each (upper and lower) running between the two front teeth and the lips (labial frenum). The third is under the tongue (frenum linguae). More Information on Frenulum: Oral Health Basics
A small band of skin that attaches a moving body area to a stationary one. In the mouth, this includes one each (upper and lower) running between the two front teeth and the lips (labial frenum). The third is under the tongue (frenum linguae). More Information on Frenum: Oral Health Basics
A small band of skin running above and between the two front teeth that attaches to the inside tissue of the lips. There is one between the two upper teeth (superior or upper) and one between the two lower teeth (inferior or lower), More Information on Labial Frenum: Oral Health Basics
A small band of skin running above and between the two front teeth that attaches to the inside tissue of the lips. There is one between the two upper teeth (superior or upper) and one between the two lower teeth (inferior or lower), More Information on Labial Frenum: Oral Health Basics
"Frenum Linguae" is more commonly referred to as "Lingual Frenum" in the medical community. Lingual Frenum
Also Known As: "Lingual Frenulum, Tongue Frena, Tongue Frenum, Lingual Frena, Tongue Frenulum"
A small band of skin on the underside of the tongue that that attaches the tongue to the bottom of the oral cavity. More Information on Lingual Frenum: Mouth & Tongue Disorders
"Frequency Urgency Dysuria Syndrome" is more commonly referred to as "Interstitial Cystitis" in the medical community. Interstitial Cystitis
Also Known As: "IC, Painful Bladder Syndrome"
A chronic inflammation of the bladder that can cause pain and the need to urinate frequently. It is not associated with bacterial infection and cannot be treated with antibiotics. It can occur in men, but is far more common in women. More Information on Interstitial Cystitis: Urinary & Bladder
An Austrian psychiatrist who founded the psychoanalysis branch of psychology, which operates on the theory that behavior is controlled by unconscious motivation.
Also Known As: "Spinocerebellar Ataxia, Hereditary Ataxia"
An inherited disease that causes progressive damage to the nervous system. The first symptom may be difficulty walking. Symptoms then spread to the arms and trunk and range from muscle weakness and speech problems to heart disease. More Information on Friedreich's Ataxia: Movement Disorders
"Frigidity" is more commonly referred to as "Female Sexual Arousal Disorder" in the medical community. Female Sexual Arousal Disorder
A disorder marked by either a loss of interest in sexual activity or an inability to attain or maintain the physical aspects of sexual arousal, such as lubrication.
"Frontal Sinuses" is more commonly referred to as "Sinuses" in the medical community. Sinuses
Also Known As: "Sinus Cavities, Paranasal Sinuses, Maxillary Sinuses, Sphenoid Sinuses, Nasal Sinuses, Ethmoid Sinuses"
Air-filled cavities or packets located within the bones around the nose and face. They are named for the bones they inhabit: Maxillary (cheek), ethmoid (between the eyes), frontal (forehead) and sphenoid (middle of skull). More Information on Sinuses: Nose & Throat
Also Known As: "Primary Progressive Aphasia, FTD, Semantic Dementia, Pick's Disease"
A group of rare brain disorders associated with shrinking of the frontal and temporal anterior lobes of the brain. Symptoms typically involve changes in behavior and problems with language. More Information on Frontotemporal Dementia: Alzheimer's & Dementia
Damage to the skin from exposure to extremely cold temperatures, usually below 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Celsius). Tissue that is not promptly warmed can die and gangrene may follow. Hands, feet, nose and ears are most vulnerable. More Information on Frostbite: First Aid & Safety
Damage to the skin from exposure to extremely cold temperatures. Hands, feet, nose and ears are most vulnerable. Children lose heat from their skin faster than adults and are thus more prone to frostbite. More Information on Frostbite & Children: Pediatric First Aid & Safety
A paraphilia wherein sexual gratification is attained by touching or rubbing the body against another person, who is typically unsuspecting and unwilling. More Information on Frotteurism: Impulse Control Disorders
A disorder that causes severe pain and stiffening of the shoulder. It may involve inflammation, adhesions (scar tissue) growing in between joint surfaces and/or a lack of synovial fluid (which lubricates joints). It may be due to disease or injury. More Information on Frozen Shoulder: Back, Neck & Shoulder Pain
An organic form of carbohydrate present in many fruits and vegetables that is also used as a dietary supplement. It serves as food for "good" bacteria in the digestive tract and help make it difficult for "bad" bacteria to survive in the body. More Information on Fructo Oliogosaccharides: Carbs & Sugars
A blood test that measures the amount of glucose that has attached itself to the protein molecules in a person's blood. It provides a person's average blood glucose level for the past three weeks. More Information on Fructosamine Test: Diabetes & Endocrine Tests
A common monosaccharide found in honey and many fruits. It is also used as an added sweetener in some foods and is considered a nutritive sweetener because it has calories. More Information on Fructose: Carbs & Sugars
The ripened reproductive body of a seed plant. Commonly, it refers to foods that usually taste sweet and fleshy (e.g., apples and oranges). However, in botanical terms, products such as pea pods and unshelled sunflowers are fruits of their plants. More Information on Fruit: Functional Foods
Allergic reaction triggered by certain fruits, the most common being banana, avocado and kiwi fruit, as well as tomato and chestnuts. People with fruit allergies may also be allergic to latex. More Information on Fruit Allergies: Food Allergy & Intolerance
A common monosaccharide found in honey and many fruits. It is also used as an added sweetener in some foods and is considered a nutritive sweetener because it has calories. More Information on Fruit Sugar: Carbs & Sugars
"FSI" is more commonly referred to as "Fixed Sagittal Imbalance" in the medical community. Fixed Sagittal Imbalance
Also Known As: "Flatback Syndrome"
A deformity where the lumbar spine loses lordosis (forward curvature of the spine), causing the spine to straighten and the torso and head to pitch forward relative to the hips and pelvis. More Information on Fixed Sagittal Imbalance: Back, Neck & Shoulder Pain
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