Fractures typically diagnose themselves, as most people experience symptoms that make it obvious that they have broken a bone. However, a physician will typically review a medical history and perform a physical examination (including checking for swelling and tenderness). The following tests may also be performed to confirm a diagnosis:

• X-rays. Use low doses of radiation to produce images on film or fluorescent film.
  
  
• Bone scan. A type of radionuclide imaging that is sensitive in diagnosing bone disease.
  
  
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Uses powerful magnets to produce images on a computer screen and film.
  
  
• CAT scan (computed axial tomography). Uses multiple x-rays to create cross-sectional images of the body.

Stress fractures can be more difficult to diagnose and may not always appear on an x-ray. However, patients who suffer stress fractures often experience pain, tenderness and mild swelling.

A cartilage fracture, such as to the costal cartilage in the ribs, may be diagnosed with a CAT scan or ultrasound.