There is no cure for fragile X syndrome (FXS). Treatment is generally aimed at helping children with FXS achieve their highest possible potential and improving their quality of life.

Children with FXS have a normal life expectancy. Their treatment needs depend on the severity of their symptoms, especially the level of cognitive impairment, if any. Children with profound mental retardation as a result of FXS may need supervised care for the rest of their lives. However, children with FXS whose cognitive impairment is limited to learning disabilities may require special education and be able to live independently and function well in society as adults.  

Some therapies used to help improve the quality of life for children with FXS include:

• Speech language therapy. Therapy designed to improve a child’s ability to communicate. This may include alternate forms of communication, including American Sign Language or the use of images to represent objects (e.g., food, toys) or activities.
  
  
• Occupational therapy. Therapy that helps impaired people perform daily activities, and may focus on developing fine motor skills. This can include sensory integration (which involves the gradual exposure to stimuli) in an attempt to calm hyperactive children.
  
  
• Behavior therapy. A type of conditioned learning in which desired behaviors are reinforced through the use of rewards.
  
  
• Medications. Various types of drugs are available that may help treat seizures or various disorders associated with FXS, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), aggression, depression, anxiety or mood instability.

Having a child with FXS can be extremely stressful for parents. Parents are encouraged to seek emotional support through a variety of methods, including friends, family, counselors and/or support groups.