The term “gait” refers to the manner or way a person walks. Any disruption of the normal, rhythmic manner of walking can be called a gait disturbance. The most common gait disturbance is a limp, but there are many others as well.

Pain is a frequent, though not the only, cause of gait disturbance. When experiencing pain while walking, people tend to compensate by altering their gait (e.g., limping, walking on their toes). Gait disturbances may also cause pain. For example, many gait disturbances put extra weight on one knee. The added stress can result in more pain in that area.

A gait disturbance may be caused by something minor or transient (a stone in a shoe or even pregnancy, for instance) or a serious medical condition, such as fractures, deformities, arthritis or neurological conditions. Leg pain, knee pain, foot pain and back pain are common sources of gait disturbances. In many cases, a gait disturbance may be the first sign of a condition.

A physician evaluating a gait disturbance will obtain the patient’s medical history and perform a physical examination, including a gait assessment. The physician will focus on potential causes of the disturbance and particular factors of the disturbance itself.  

To help determine the potential cause for the gait disturbance, the physician may order diagnostic tests. These tests can include imaging studies, such as x-rays, MRI or bone scan. Other tests may include blood tests that can help diagnose certain medical conditions that could contribute to gait disturbances. 

Treatment includes correcting or healing the underlying cause, such as immobilizing a broken bone. Methods of alleviating pain (e.g., ice, painkillers) and support devices (e.g., crutches) may help the patient function with the gait disturbance. Physical therapy may be used to treat contributing factors, such as muscle weakness or joint instability. The prevention of gait disturbances relies upon treating and preventing the illnesses and injuries that cause disturbances.