Treatment of generalized seizures may vary, depending on the cause of the seizure. In order to determine treatment options, a physician may conduct a series of tests to identify the cause of a patient’s seizures. These tests may include imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed axial tomography (CAT) scans. Additionally, a physician may recommend an electroencephalogram (EEG), which involves electrodes being placed on the scalp to measure brain activity. Blood tests may also be performed to identify metabolic disorders or infections that may be causing a patient’s seizures.

Generalized seizures that have an identifiable cause often involve treating the underlying cause (e.g., medications for metabolic disorders such as diabetes, treatment for alcohol or drug abuse). The effectiveness of treatment will depend on the cause of a patient’s seizures.

Like partial seizures, generalized seizures may be treated with anticonvulsant medications that help prevent nerve cells in the brain from firing in an abnormal manner. This may help control the seizures if the medication is taken as directed by a physician.

Generalized seizures can rarely be successfully treated with brain surgery because the abnormal neuron activity occurs in the entire brain. However, people with recurrent generalized seizures that are poorly controlled by medication may be suitable for a type of treatment called vagus nerve stimulation. The vagus nerve runs from the brain to the abdomen and controls many aspects of body functioning. People with generalized seizures can have a device similar to a pacemaker surgically implanted into their skin that stimulates the vagus nerve through a series of small electric shocks. These shocks may reduce seizures in people with epilepsy by up to 40 percent, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).

Many generalized seizures have no known cause, making them difficult to prevent.

People with diabetes or other metabolic disorders may be able to prevent seizures by managing or treating their condition, such as by controlling their blood sugar level. Additionally, people who are taking medications should consult their physician before starting any new medications or taking over-the-counter drugs or supplements. This may reduce the risk of seizures being triggered by medication interactions.

Head injuries may increase the risk of experiencing a seizure, so people should protect their head by wearing appropriate gear when riding bicycles or motorcycles, or when playing contact sports. Binge drinking (consuming large amounts of alcohol in a short period of time) and illegal drug use should also be avoided.