Gluten intolerance (commonly called celiac disease) is sensitivity to the protein gluten, which is commonly found in many types of grains (specifically wheat, barley, oats and rye). A genetic disorder, the condition affects approximately one in every 150 Americans.

Though the symptoms may sometimes appear similar, gluten intolerance is not a food allergy. The gluten sensitivity occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly identifies the protein gluten as foreign. This leads to inflammation and damage in the lower digestive tract (the intestines). A food allergy to wheat results in a true allergic response, with symptoms such as itchiness, hives and skin rashes.

Damage to the small intestine can occur when a person with gluten intolerance consumes even a small amount of gluten. This damage can result in a number of symptoms, including abdominal pain and diarrhea. The damage can also weaken the body’s ability to absorb nutrients from food. Over time, this can lead to malnutrition and other related conditions, such as anemia, weight loss and osteoporosis.

It is important to note that while some people with gluten intolerance suffer severe symptoms, others experience no symptoms at all. People who do not experience symptoms, however, may still suffer damage to the small intestine as the result of exposure to gluten

Diagnosis of gluten intolerance usually involves blood tests and may include a biopsy of the small intestine.

Gluten intolerance can be successfully treated by completely removing all forms of gluten from the diet. This includes avoiding breads, cereals, cookies and all other types of foods or other products with wheat, barley or rye as an ingredient (including some beers, lipsticks, postage stamps, medications and vitamins).

Following a gluten-free diet is not a temporary measure, but a life-long change in lifestyle. Individuals with gluten intolerance must very carefully evaluate every type of food they come into contact with to make sure they prevent any exposure to gluten or gluten products. While completely removing gluten from the diet can be difficult, the treatment is usually effective at curing all related symptoms and even allows the damaged lower intestine to repair itself.

A number of conditions are associated with gluten intolerance. For instance, people who have gluten intolerance are at an increased risk of developing diabetes, some forms of cancer and other conditions.

People who suspect they may have gluten intolerance should immediately consult a physician. Symptoms may present themselves late in life and are known to sometimes appear after a traumatic event such as an injury, pregnancy or severe stress.