The ways to prevent head and neck cancers vary according to the location and type of cancer.  In general, eliminating or reducing the risk factors is the best way to prevent the development or recurrence of head and neck cancer.

Tobacco and alcohol are the most important risk factors for head and neck cancer. An individual can greatly reduce the risk by not smoking and limiting alcohol intake. In addition, people who have been diagnosed and treated for head and neck cancer have an increased risk for developing a new cancer. The most common sites for the new cancer are in the head and neck, esophagus or lungs. For people who smoke and drink, the risk is even higher. Studies by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have shown that individuals who continue to smoke and/or drink increase their chances of developing a second cancer for up to 20 years after the original cancer.

Other steps that can be taken to help prevent head and neck cancer include:

• Well-fitting dentures and good oral hygiene. If dentures are worn, be sure they fit properly. Gaps can allow particles of food and tobacco to be trapped against the gums. Dentures should be cleaned and rinsed regularly. If dentures are not worn, care should be taken to maintain clean teeth and healthy gums.
  
  
• Limiting sun exposure. Sunlight damages the tissues of the lips and increases the risk of oral cancer. Care should be taken to wear sunscreen and protect the face and lips from strong sun exposure.
  
  
• Periodic check of tongue and mouth. Individuals, especially those who smoke and drink, should regularly check the tissues of their tongue and mouth. They should look for changes in color, bumps, tender spots or lumps. Patients should ask their dentists to examine their mouths closely during regular dental visits. If any changes are noted, the individual should schedule an extra visit with their dentist. Oral and throat cancer can be successfully treated but success depends on early detection.
  
  
• To prevent a recurrence of the cancer following treatment, regular checkups are very important. The type of medical checkups depends on the type of cancer and treatment.
  
  
• Vaccines. In 2006, a vaccine was approved for girls and young women to prevent human papillomavirus (HPV), which can cause cervical cancer and is also associated with some head and neck cancers. Reaserch continues into whether or not this vaccine might benefit people at risk for head and neck cancers. Currently, the vaccine is approved only for young women up until age 26 and may be less effective in patients who have already been exposed to HPV.

Individuals who have had some form of head and neck cancer must closely monitor themselves for any changes in their general health. If these individuals are concerned about any symptoms, they should consult their physician for an examination.