The International Headache Society has composed a comprehensive list of more than 150 types of headache, all of which may be treated using headache medications. According to the society’s classification of headache disorders, headaches may be categorized as primary, secondary or cranial neuralgias.

Migraine, tension-type or cluster headaches are usually classed as primary headaches. According to the American Council for Headache Education, more than 90 percent of headaches are primary headaches. Primary headaches are not due to an underlying condition and are typically not life-threatening.   

Secondary headaches can be caused by numerous underlying conditions or injuries, such as head or neck trauma or disorders, blood vessel (vascular) disorders within the head and neck, infection, tumor and certain substances (e.g., medication, illegal drugs).

Cranial neuralgias (nerve pain in the head) include central and primary facial pain and other headaches.

Different types of headaches may respond to various treatment approaches. For example, tension-type headaches often respond to over-the-counter medications such as aspirin or ibuprofen, but some may need to be treated with prescription medications.