• Hardened and narrowed arteries (atherosclerosis) as early as childhood

  • High blood pressure (hypertension)

  • Hypertension: Higher than normal blood pressure (the force, or tension, of the blood in the walls of the arteries). Hypertension can contribute to coronary artery disease, heart attack and stroke.Obesity (defined as a body index mass [BMI] greater than 30), which can put tremendous strain and additional workload on the heart. In fact, obesity ranks second only to smoking as a leading contributor to death in the United States.