Also called fever blisters, cold sores usually appear in the mouth and on the lips, often in clusters. Although children are generally more susceptible to them, they are a recurrent problem for many adults as well.

Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV- 1), which usually affects the lips, mouth, and face. (It is not related to genital herpes, called herpes simplex type 2, or HSV-2.) Eruption of a cold sore is often preceded by a tingling of the lips. The blisters usually last from one to three weeks, and may be itchy and painful. Treatment of sores anywhere on the body involves soothing the pain of the blisters and forcing the virus to go dormant. Gargling with salt water or an analgesic mouthwash will also help.

If you have frequent outbreaks of cold sores, your physician can prescribe acyclovir, an antiviral compound that has been successful in suppressing the herpes simplex virus. Occasional outbreaks may be treated with herbal remedies.

Herbal Remedies

Lemon balm This herb is widely found in European over-thecounter products used to treat both HSV-1 and HSV-2; its volatile oil contains monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, which have been shown to inhibit these viruses. To make an infusion, combine 2 to 3 teaspoons minced leaves with 1/2 cup hot water. Soak a cotton ball in the solution and apply it to the blisters several times a day. Lemon balm tea bags are also available.

Myrrh An ingredient in many commercial lip ointments, this gum resin is widely used to treat infections in and around the mouth. Tinctures are also available, and are dabbed on cold sores with a cotton ball. Alternatively, make an infusion by pouring 1 cup boiling water over 1 to 2 teaspoons powdered myrrh; let steep for 10 to 15 minutes. Apply to cold sores several times a day.