Hypoglycemia caused by hyperinsulinemia must be treated promptly to prevent possible brain damage. Patients who exhibit signs of hypoglycemia should follow the plan devised in advance by their physician, which typically involves consuming a certain amount of sugar. In severe episodes, glucose or glucagon may be injected into a vein.

Medications that are used to treat hyperinsulinemia are known as insulin secretion inhibiting agents. These medications work through such means as keeping the pancreas from releasing insulin, causing the release of glucose from the liver or raising blood glucose by stimulating the release of compounds called catecholamines. Examples include:

• A calcium channel blocker. Decreases the release of insulin.
  
• Glucagon. Stimulates the release of glucose from the liver. It is injected in cases of emergency when a patient with hyperinsulinemia has low glucose and cannot be fed.

When hyperinsulinemia does not respond to other treatment, surgery may be necessary to remove some or all of the pancreas (pancreatectomy). However, the surgery does not always cure the patient of hyperinsulinemia.

Chronic hyperinsulinemia related to causes such as insulin resistance, obesity, metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovarian syndrome can be further treated by addressing the underlying condition, including factors such as:

• Losing extra pounds and maintaining a normal weight
• Getting regular exercise, as approved by a physician
• Eating a good diet
• Quitting smoking
• Controlling glucose, blood pressure and cholesterol

These kinds of interventions can also help prevent insulin resistance and related cases of hyperinsulinemia. The risk of hyperinsulinemia in infants can be reduced if the mother controls her diabetes during pregnancy.