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There are several types of hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, including:
- Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Thickening of the septum that occurs more on one side of the ventricle than the other. The thickened septum interferes with the movement of blood as it is pumped from the ventricle. This may also interfere with the closure of the mitral valve, resulting in leakage. HOCM tends to affect young people, even before the age of 10. Its cause is unknown, but it appears to run in families. Children are at risk of developing the condition if either of their parents were diagnosed with it.
- Non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM). This condition is very similar to HOCM, but there is no blockage of blood flow.
- Hypertensive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A type of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that develops over time in older people who have high blood pressure.
If the thickening is more localized to the septum of the ventricle than the rest of the left ventricle, the condition is also known as asymmetrical septal hypertrophy (ASH). If there is an evenly distributed thickening of the entire ventricle, including the septum and wall, then the condition is also known as concentric hypertrophy. In cases where the hypertrophy is localized to the apex of the left ventricle, the condition is known as apical cardiomyopathy.
In very advanced cases, the condition may closer resemble dilated cardiomyopathy, with an expanded and thinned left ventricle. This is sometimes known as "end stage" or "burned out" hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and is related to a higher death rate.
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