What is the difference between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism?

Hypothyroidism is a disorder in which the thyroid gland is not producing enough thyroid hormones to meet the body's needs. Most people with hypothyroidism will need to take synthetic thyroid hormones for life to relieve symptoms and avoid long-term consequences.

Hyperthyroidism, also called overactive thyroid, is marked by an abnormally high level of thyroid hormones in the blood.

If I have hypothyroidism, am I at higher risk for hyperthyroidism?

Treatment of hypothyroidism involves taking medications to increase levels of thyroid hormones. In some cases, this can lead to hyperthyroidism.

To reduce this risk, your doctor will conduct regular blood testing to make sure your thyroid hormone levels are in the appropriate range for you. Still, it is important to report any symptoms of hyperthyroidism to your doctor. This may include:

• Unexplained weight loss
• Nervousness
• Palpitations (pounding heartbeat)
• Weakness, particularly in the upper arms and thighs
• Unusual sweating
• Feeling hot
• Trouble sleeping
• Lighter menstrual periods
• Vision changes
• Difficulty breathing
• Weakness
• Heat intolerance

Is treatment the same for the elderly?

In general, elderly people with hypothyroidism and those with heart conditions are treated conservatively. This is because thyroid hormone increases the oxygen demands of the heart muscle. In elderly people and those with coronary artery disease, thyroid hormone has a small risk of causing abnormal heart rhythms, chest pain or even heart attack.