Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve many types of pain, including migraines and other headaches, muscle aches, arthritis, menstruation and many other conditions. It is usually taken in an over-the-counter formulation but is also available by prescription.

It is unknown exactly how ibuprofen works. However, it is believed that ibuprofen works by inhibiting prostaglandin production. Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances in the body that are involved in a wide range of physiological functions, including inflammation.

Ibuprofen helps reduce fever in addition to inflammation. It can be taken by tablet, capsule, suppository, liquid or drops. Although the drug is considered to be safe, it may not be advised for patients with some medical conditions or for certain populations.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has warned that ibuprofen and other non-aspirin NSAIDs increase the risk of serious gastrointestinal bleeding and cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke. Patients are advised to consult their physician before taking ibuprofen, especially if they are also taking other medications, including aspirin, anticoagulants and diuretics.