Imaging tests are procedures that produce images of internal body organs, tissues, structures and pathways. They may be used in the diagnosis of health conditions and the management of disease. Imaging tests may also be used to assist certain procedures and surgeries.

The most commonly used imaging tests for diagnosing conditions in children include:

• X-ray. A test in which an image is created of bones, joints and internal organs by using low doses of electromagnetic radiation that are reflected on film paper or fluorescent screens.
  
  
• CAT scan (computed axial tomography). Also known as a CT scan, it is a noninvasive and painless test that uses a rotating x-ray device to create detailed cross-sectional images (or slices) of organs, bones and other body parts.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). A noninvasive procedure that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to produce clear, cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the body’s tissues, even through bone and other obstructions.
  
  
• Ultrasound. Also known as sonogram, this noninvasive test uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the shape and outline of various tissues and organs in the body.
  
  
• Nuclear medicine scans. A subspecialty of radiology that uses radioactive substances and a special tool called a gamma camera to create images of organ systems in the body.

A radiology technician in a hospital or outpatient clinic generally performs imaging tests. Patient preparation differs depending on the nature of the test to be performed. In some instances, a child may need to drink or be injected with a dye known as a contrast medium. This solution makes certain organs and tissues in the body more visible. The imaging test procedures are different depending on which test is performed. Generally, children are able to return home the same day of the test.

Imaging tests carry very few risks to the child. Though imaging tests are the same for adults and children, tests of children are likely to incorporate lower dosage levels of radiation or radiopharmaceutical agents.

Imaging tests are more likely to frighten children than adults. Many hospitals have staff who either work exclusively with children, or have a lot of experience with younger patients. These healthcare professionals are skilled in calming a child’s fears. Some hospitals have pediatric radiology programs to make children feel more comfortable during these procedures.