Treatment of an allergy related to immunization will depend on the symptoms that appear. Contact dermatitis reactions of the skin are likely to be treated with corticosteroids or another medication used to treat skin-related allergies. A drug called epinephrine would be used in cases of anaphylactic shock.

Avoidance is the best method for preventing reactions to immunization medicines. Children who experience a reaction to a previous dose of a vaccine should not receive another dose. Those with a known severe allergy to a vaccine component (e.g., gelatin) should not receive a dose of any vaccine containing that substance. In some cases, alternative vaccines can be used that do not cause a reaction. If no alternative is available, the symptom-producing vaccine may be given at lower doses.

An allergy skin test is commonly performed before lower doses of the vaccine are administered. If the results are positive, and the vaccine is necessary, the vaccine will be given in small, incremental doses.  Since even a tiny dose may trigger a life-threatening reaction, the vaccine should only be given in a facility that is equipped to handle anaphylaxis.