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There are many types of impulse control disorders, not elsewhere classified. These include:
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Intermittent explosive disorder (IED). Recurrent and distinct episodes of aggressive behavior that causes harm to others or the destruction of property. These episodes are not preceded by feelings of building tension. Instead, they are sudden outbursts, which are grossly out of proportion to their trigger. The aggressive impulses and acts may be accompanied by increased energy, racing thoughts and feelings of uncontrollable rage.
New research indicates that IED is less rare than previously believed, with as many as 16 million cases of the disorder in the United States. A recent study by the National Institute of Mental Health found that this condition affects nearly 4 percent of Americans in a given year. If a patient suffers from a physical or mental disorder such epilepsy or delirium that appears to give rise to the behavior, IED would not be diagnosed. This relatively high number of cases of IED may reflect an underdiagnosis of other causes of the aggressive behavior.
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Kleptomania. Recurrent stealing without regard for value of the items or personal use. Often, people with kleptomania may discard, give away or hoard stolen items. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), kleptomania occurs in less than 5 percent of identified shoplifters.
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Pyromania. Episodes of deliberate fire-setting and a fascination with fire, its use and consequences. People with pyromania may enjoy the institutions, equipment and people associated with fire (e.g., fire stations and personnel) and may even become firefighters themselves.
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Gambling addiction (also called pathological gambling). A recurring preoccupation with gambling, often with a need to increase the amount of money wagered while gambling. This behavior is not usually preceded by feelings of tension, although people with gambling addiction may feel tense or anxious when attempting to reduce or stop the gambling behavior. The number of adults in the United States with a gambling addiction has been estimated at 2 million, according to the National Council on Problem Gambling.
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Trichotillomania (hair-pulling) is a form of self-injury. It involves plucking out hair from the head or elsewhere on the body, resulting in obvious hair loss. The behavior may also involve twisting, examining or eating the hair. According to the APA, trichotillomania appears to occur more often than previously believed, affecting up to 5 percent of the population. |