There are several things an individual can do to control the amount of allergens found in the home. While many allergens can never be completely removed from the home, there are many ways to limit the amount present.

Controlling home allergens is the most effective method of managing indoor allergies. Some general tips include:

• Use a true HEPA filter or HEPA vacuum cleaner. These filters are capable of removing all types of airborne allergens from the air (air filter) or a surface (vacuum cleaner).
  
  

  

• Replace air filters and clean vents frequently.
  
  
• Use only hardwood or tile floors, or use washable rugs. Allergens can more easily accumulate on carpeting.
  
  
• Use shades instead of blinds or draperies on windows. Fewer allergens build up on shades, and they are easier to clean.
  
  
• Use furniture covered in leather or vinyl. Allergens can more easily accumulate on cloth or fabric upholstery.
  
  
• Keep humidity down. Use a dehumidifier or air conditioning to control humidity levels in the home. Mold grows much more rapidly when the humidity level is greater than 50 percent. Cockroaches favor humid environments, as well.

Depending on an individual’s particular type of allergy, there are several specific steps that can be taken to limit allergens. Since most common indoor allergens can be components of house dust, controlling dust will also help control these allergens. Tips for controlling dust include:

• Keep surfaces free of clutter.
  
  
• Using special hypoallergenic covers for the mattress, box spring and pillows can limit the amount of dust mites found in the bed.
  
  
• Opening the windows every day for an hour can help remove dust mites and indoor molds, especially in winter. However, this should only be done when high levels of outdoor molds or pollens are not present.
  
  
• Wash bedding every two weeks in water of at least 140 degrees Fahrenheit (60 degrees Celsius). Throw rugs should also be washed regularly in hot water or dry cleaned.
  
  
• Remove stuffed animals, books and other dust-collecting items from the bedroom.
  
  
• Vacuum at least once or twice a week (preferably with a HEPA vacuum cleaner). Individuals with dust allergies should wear a mask while vacuuming and performing other cleaning activities, and leave the house for several hours after cleaning. This can help patients avoid exposure to disturbed dust.

Additional tips for controlling cockroach debris include:

• Keep all food in sealed containers.
  
  
• Promptly clean dirty dishes as well as any food spills, cooking surfaces and crumbs.
  
  
• Use an insecticide anywhere roaches may frequent, or consider a professional exterminator.
  
  
• Avoid eating in bed.

Additional tips for controlling animal dander include:

• Limit the amount of time pets are allowed to spend in commonly used rooms, and keep the bedroom strictly pet-free.
  
  
• Use an antiallergenic shampoo on pets and bathe them at least once a week. Allow someone else to bathe the pet if allergies are severe.
  
  
• Wash hands after handling the pet.
  
  
• Provide pets with a well-balanced diet; minimizing fur loss may reduce indoor dander.
  
  
• Place litter boxes away from any air filtration vents.

Additional tips for controlling mold and mildew include:

• Check for hidden molds anywhere water is commonly allowed to stand (e.g., plant containers, windowsills).
  
  
• Use mildew-resistant shower curtains.
  
  
• Fix any leaky faucets or pipes.
  
  
• Use exhaust fans in any areas where humidity tends to be high (e.g., bathroom, kitchen).
  
  
• Frequently clean the refrigerator's drip pan or use a frost-free refrigerator.

Although these steps can help patients reduce their contact with indoor allergens, exposure can still occur. Therefore, allergy medications may be needed to help control symptoms. A number of prescription and over-the-counter medications may be recommended, including antihistamines, decongestants and corticosteroids.

If medication treatment fails to relieve symptoms, a physician may recommend allergy shots  (immunotherapy). This type of therapy works by regularly exposing an individual to very small amounts of an allergen through a series of injections. By increasing their exposure to the allergen over a period of months or years, some individuals are able to build up a tolerance to the allergen. While not a cure, allergy shots can lessen the severity and frequency of allergic reactions in some people. The success of this type of treatment varies by individual.