All abortion procedures come with some risk of side effects and complications, although most women do not experience physical complications. In general, complications are least likely during first trimester abortions and become more likely in later stages of pregnancy.

Infection is the most common complication associated with an induced abortion. Symptoms that may indicate the presence of an infection include fever, pain, mild bleeding and a tender uterus. Oral antibiotics and drugs that reduce fever are usually effective in controlling such infections. In some cases, suction curettage may be necessary to remove tissue that remains in the uterus that may be causing the complications.

In rare cases, patients may experience a severe infection called a septic abortion. This rarely occurs in legal abortions and is more commonly associated in abortions performed illegally and in unsterile conditions. Symptoms include:

• Sepsis (pus-forming bacteria or other toxins in the blood or tissues)
• Shock
• Hemorrhage
• Potential renal (kidney) failure

Septic abortions can be treated with parenteral antibiotics (taken through injection or intravenously), fluid therapy and removal of the uterus (hysterectomy).

Bleeding is the second most common complication associated with an induced abortion. Sources of bleeding include:

• Remains of the placenta left behind in the uterus
• Infections
• Blood clots in the legs

Postabortal syndrome occurs when the uterus fails to remain contracted after an induced abortion. It can result in an open cervix or a large uterus that appears softer than expected upon examination. Women who develop this syndrome may experience cramps and bleeding. Postabortal syndrome is usually treated with suction curettage and antibiotic therapy.

Other general risks associated with surgically induced abortions include:

• Risks associated with any surgery, such as general bleeding and infection
  
  
• Reactions to medication
  
  
• Breathing problems
  
  
• Infection or puncture of the uterus
  
  
• Infection of the fallopian tubes, resulting in scarring and infertility
  
  
• Damage to the cervix
  
  
• Scarring of the uterine cavity (Asherman’s syndrome)

Abortions performed through medication may result in pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or prolonged bleeding. In addition, the abortion may not be complete, requiring possible surgical intervention.

Induced abortions may or may not affect a woman’s future ability to have children, depending on circumstances. First- or second-trimester abortions performed without complication do not appear to impact future pregnancies. However, there is a slight increased risk of premature delivery for women who have had more than three first-trimester induced abortions.

Some women who have an abortion experience emotional trauma as a result of the procedure. Mental health professionals (e.g., psychiatrist, psychologist) and support groups may help women who experience such feelings.