Infertility is defined as an inability to conceive a child despite attempts to become pregnant over the course of 12 months. About 6.1 million couples in the United States – or 10 percent of all couples of childbearing age – experience infertility, according to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine.

There are many different causes of infertility. About one-third of all infertility cases can be attributed to males, another one-third to females and the remaining one-third to both members of a couple or to unexplained causes.

Infertility is a diminished capacity to conceive or become pregnant within one year and should not be confused with sterility, which is an inability to become pregnant. In many cases, infertile couples may be able to achieve a successful conception through the use of surgery or a variety of procedures as well as the use of several medications. However, these treatments can be time consuming, expensive and emotionally and physically draining. In many cases, they may not be successful despite the best efforts.

For these reasons, couples should closely consult with their physician (and with each other) about the potential for success in infertility treatment as well as other options, such as adoption.