What does the term "inflamed lymph nodes of the intestine" mean?

M.B.

The term "mesenteric lymphadenitis" refers to inflamed lymph nodes in the abdomen, near the intestine. This is a relatively nonspecific term, and many types of disease processes can lead to inflammation of these lymph nodes.

A very common cause of mesenteric lymphadenitis is an infection of the intestine by viruses, bacteria or even parasites. Although the infection is generally limited to the intestinal tract, the surrounding lymph nodes may develop an inflammatory reaction and enlarge. This reaction is most often seen in children.

Another condition that may lead to enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes is cancer. This may include cancer that begins in the gastrointestinal tract, such as cancers of the stomach, colon or pancreas. Lymphoma, or cancer of the lymph nodes, also often leads to enlarged lymph nodes in several areas of the body, and can begin in the abdomen.

Many other inflammatory processes in the abdomen, outside of the intestinal tract, can lead to inflamed lymph nodes. This may include an abscess, which is a localized collection of bacteria and pus, or an inflammation of the inner lining of the abdominal cavity, known as peritonitis.

The finding of enlarged lymph nodes is usually made via a CT scan of the abdomen. Normally, the nodes are very small, and the radiologist may note that they appear large on the scan. If the cause is readily known based on the patient's medical findings, then the appropriate therapy can be given. If an obvious cause is not found, then a biopsy of the nodes may be necessary. This is done either by placing a needle into the abdomen under CT guidance or through surgery.