How can I tell if my symptoms are caused by IBD or another underlying condition?

If you're experiencing symptoms of IBD, it's a good idea to schedule an appointment with your doctor as soon as possible. At your appointment, your doctor will compile a complete medical history and perform a physical examination. You will likely be asked questions about the duration of your symptoms, any family history of IBD and your cigarette smoking habits.

Blood and stool samples may also be required. Blood tests can identify low red blood cell counts (anemia), high white blood cell counts (inflammation or infection) and nutrient levels. A stool sample analysis can rule out intestinal infections, which include symptoms similar to IBD symptoms.

There are many other diseases and infections that can produce symptoms similar to those of IBD, such as sexually transmitted diseases, colorectal cancer and others. Your doctor will perform a variety of diagnostic tests, such as a barium X-ray and a colonoscopy, to rule out these conditions.

How does IBD differ from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

People commonly confuse these two conditions. However, IBD differs from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in both its diagnosis and symptoms. IBD is intestinal inflammation that can be seen with tests such as barium X-ray and colonoscopy. IBS is a functional disorder -- no inflammation is seen and IBS cannot be identified by diagnostic tests. Both involve symptoms of abdominal cramping and pain, as well as diarrhea. However, IBD can include rectal bleeding, fever and an elevated white blood cell count, whereas IBS does not.