Insulin resistance is an inability of the cells of the body to properly use insulin, the hormone that moves glucose (blood sugar) from the bloodstream into the cells. This condition causes high blood glucose (hyperglycemia). It is closely linked to prediabetes and may lead to the development of type 2 diabetes.

Insulin resistance also is associated with additional health problems, including:

• Atherosclerosis
• High blood pressure
• Obesity
• Metabolic syndrome
• Fatty liver
• Polycystic ovarian syndrome

One in three American adults has some degree of insulin resistance, according to the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Though the majority of these individuals do not develop diabetes, they are at increased risk for diseases such as heart attack and stroke.

More than 80 percent of Americans who have type 2 diabetes are insulin resistant. People with type 1 diabetes, notably those who become overweight, can also develop insulin resistance, a condition known as double diabetes.

Scientists are not sure why certain people become resistant to insulin. Genetics, poor physical fitness and excess weight are believed to be factors. People with insulin resistance can make several lifestyle changes that can significantly boost their body’s ability to properly use insulin. These changes include:

• Improving diet, including cutting calories
• Weight loss
• Regular exercise

In addition to lifestyle changes, oral medications called antidiabetic agents may help such people lower their blood glucose levels.