Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic disorder that is characterized by irritation or inflammation of the bladder wall. Although the cause of IC is unknown, various theories exist. The condition may be an autoimmune response to a urinary tract infection, or it may occur due to a defect in the bladder. Heredity may play a role in the development of this condition as well.

IC is far more common among women than men. Additional risk factors for IC include age and the presence of other chronic disorders, including endometriosis and fibromyalgia. The main symptom of this condition is recurring pain or discomfort in the bladder and pelvic region. Urinary frequency and urgency are also common.

In order to diagnose IC in a patient, the physician must first rule out a number of other conditions, such as endometriosis, kidney stones, urinary tract infection, sexually transmitted diseases and bladder cancer. Diagnostic tests for IC include urine tests and cystoscopy (procedure that examines the inside of the bladder and urethra).

There is no cure for IC at this time. Treatment focuses on symptom relief. Treatment options include lifestyle modification (e.g., quitting smoking, avoiding certain foods), bladder training, oral medications and others. Surgical treatment of IC is generally a last resort because the outcome of the surgery cannot be predicted and symptoms sometimes persist after surgery.