Ketone tests measure the amount of a waste product called ketones in a urine or blood sample. The tests are important tools in the management of diabetes because they can detect ketosis (elevated ketone levels) and diabetic ketoacidosis, a potentially life-threatening condition.

Ketones are chemicals that are produced when the body uses stored fat instead of glucose (blood sugar) for energy. When high amounts of ketones are combined with high glucose (hyperglycemia), a person with diabetes can slip into a diabetic coma or die.

Ketone tests are especially important for people with type 1 diabetes, diabetic women who are pregnant and diabetic individuals experiencing an illness.  People with diabetes should always have a fresh supply of ketone test strips on hand for times when they suspect their ketone levels are rising.

To prevent complications, patients should discuss ketones with their physician and prepare a treatment plan in advance. Diabetic individuals with a large amount of ketones should contact their physician immediately.