Treatments or additional tests that follow lab tests will vary depending on the disorder that is detected or suggested. For example, many symptoms associated with disorders screened for in newborn tests can be prevented with changes in diet and taking certain supplements.

Lab tests that reveal the presence of disease can lead to many different treatments, depending on the nature of the disease. These range from medications such as antibiotics to surgery. In some cases, further testing may be necessary, such as imaging tests (e.g., x-ray, ultrasound, MRI, CAT scan) and a biopsy, to confirm a diagnosis.