Approximately 80 percent of people with epilepsy can effectively control their seizures through conventional treatment methods consisting of antiseizure medications and avoidance of factors that trigger seizures according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).

However, some people forget or otherwise fail to take their medications when they should, or they have difficulty identifying potential seizure triggers. Depending on the severity and frequency of these seizures, epilepsy can cause considerable disruption in a person’s life.

Some common considerations for people with epilepsy include:

• Employment restrictions. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prevents disabled individuals from being discriminated against in the workplace. However, the rules are complex and it is advised that people with epilepsy consult their physician about whether their epilepsy can be classified as a disability. In addition, some types of jobs (e.g., pilot, firefighter) may not be appropriate for those with epilepsy, regardless of how well the seizures are controlled.
  
  
• Driving restrictions. Most states have regulations that restrict driving privileges for people with epilepsy, although some exceptions may apply. Many states do not allow people with epilepsy to drive for a certain period of time (ranging from months to years) after they have had a seizure. A physician’s approval may be necessary before a person can drive again following a seizure.
  
  
• Inhibited recreation. People with epilepsy may be reluctant to participate in sports and other recreational pursuits. Most physicians agree that the benefits of social and recreational activities can outweigh the potential risks, although certain precautions should be taken in some cases.
  
  
• Sexual dysfunction. Some people with epilepsy may experience sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction is defined as any problem that routinely interferes with the ability to achieve sexual gratification and may involve issues related to sexual arousal, the ability to achieve orgasm or feelings of discomfort or pain during intercourse. People with epilepsy who experience sexual dysfunction are encouraged to consult their physician to discuss possible treatment methods.

Certain populations may have additional lifestyle considerations related to their epilepsy. Women, in particular, may face special issues associated with the relationship between hormones and epilepsy. Although the true nature of this relationship is poorly understood, many women with epilepsy experience changes in the pattern or frequency of their seizures during puberty, menstruation and menopause (the end of menstruation).

Children with epilepsy should be taught how to be responsible for their seizure medications. Parents of children with epilepsy should avoid sheltering their child from normal childhood activities because doing so can negatively affect the way that the child is able to deal with epilepsy and other aspects of life into adolescence and adulthood. Additionally, elderly people may experience more severe side effects from seizure medications that can affect their ability to control their seizures and live independently.

Both patients and caregivers or family members may find it beneficial to join a support group or undergo counseling. Epilepsy can be a stressful and distressing disorder and many people find that talking to others who are going through the same experiences can be a valuable outlet for feelings of frustration or helplessness.