Liver disease is disease that affects the liver. This vital organ is the body's largest internal organ. Liver disease can lead to serious complications, such as portal hypertension, fluid retention, jaundice and liver failure.

There are many types of liver disease, including cirrhosis, fatty liver, hepatitis and liver cancer.

The cause of some types of liver disease, particularly those present at birth, is not known. Other types, such as hemochromatosis, are caused by genes inherited from parents. In the United States, the most common causes of cirrhosis are alcoholism and hepatitis B and C.

Patients in the early stages of liver disease often do not experience symptoms. Others may experience symptoms such as fatigue, unexplained weight loss and loss of appetite. In the later stages of liver disease, patients may experience signs and symptoms such as enlarged liver, itching, spiderlike blood vessels and anemia.

Diagnosis of liver disease typically begins with a physical examination and medical history. Tests that may be performed include liver function tests, ultrasound and liver biopsy.

Treatment for liver disease varies according to the type of disease. It may include lifestyle changes (e.g., avoiding alcohol), medications (e.g., corticosteroids) or surgery (e.g., a shunt procedure). In advanced cases of liver failure, the only treatment option is liver transplantation.

Liver disease may be prevented in a variety of ways, including drinking alcohol in moderation, taking medications as directed and avoiding illegal drugs. Patients should eat a well-balanced diet and restrict intake of foods that are high in fat and cholesterol. Patients are encouraged to also exercise regularly and practice safe sex, such as using a condom.