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The macrobiotic diet (or macrobiotics) is a nutritional model that involves eating mostly whole grains and vegetables. The diet is based on the Eastern philosophical principles of yin and yang, described as the outward and inward moving energy in all things. Proponents of the macrobiotic diet believe that it is possible to balance the two conflicting energies by eating foods that have equal quantities of yin and yang. They encourage maintaining a relationship with food that is respectful and peaceful by cooking only with natural implements and preparing and eating food in a peaceful setting.

The macrobiotic diet is comprised of whole grains (40 percent to 60 percent of daily food intake, by weight), leafy and root vegetables (25 percent to 30 percent) and beans (5 percent to 10 percent). It is recommended that these foods be organic. Also permitted are sea vegetables and a small quantity of seasonal, locally grown fruit. Animal products (meat, eggs and dairy products), certain vegetables, refined sugars and any foods that have been artificially processed are restricted on the macrobiotic diet. In some variations of the diet, small quantities of fish are occasionally allowed.

The creators of the macrobiotic diet claim that it can slow, cure and prevent cancer, although there is no scientific evidence to support these claims. Like most well-planned vegetarian diets, the macrobiotic diet can be healthful. It emphasizes large quantities of grains, plenty of vegetables and other beneficial foods such as soy products and beans. These foods contain significant quantities of fiber and carbohydrates as well as moderate amounts of protein and certain vitamins.

However, because of its restrictiveness, it is possible to deprive the body of certain nutrients while following the macrobiotic diet. This is especially dangerous for cancer patients who need extra nutrients to ensure that their body efficiently recovers from cancer treatment. Lack of animal products in the diet can cause deficiencies in protein, iron, calcium and vitamins B12 and D, especially since vitamin or mineral supplements are not allowed. This can lead to serious health problems such as malnutrition and anemia. It is important that people consult their physician and/or dietitian before beginning the macrobiotic diet, especially if suffering from a chronic disease such as cancer.