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Proponents of the macrobiotic diet claim that their eating plan can prevent and sometimes even cure cancer and other serious illnesses. There is no scientific evidence to support these claims. However, there are elements of the macrobiotic diet, particularly the consumption of large amounts of vegetables and whole grains, which may help to promote good health and reduce the risks of some types of cancer. The American Cancer Society’s dietary guidelines for cancer prevention recommend that individuals:

• Eat at least five servings of fruits and vegetables every day
  
  
• Choose whole grains instead of refined (processed) grains and sugars
  
  
• Limit consumption of red meat, especially processed meats and those high in fat
  
  
• Select foods and beverages that help achieve and maintain a healthy weight
  
  
• Limit salt intake
  
  
• Limit alcohol consumption to no more than one drink per day for women or two drinks per day for men.

All these recommendations fall within the guidelines of the macrobiotic diet, which is a low-fat, high-fiber diet. Fiber is found in whole grains, legumes and some fruits and vegetables. Studies have shown that there may be a link between low-fat, high-fiber diets and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer.

However, there is no proof that eating a specific diet can slow, cure or prevent the occurrence of cancer. It is important that people with cancer eat a balanced diet that is rich in nutrients. The most common nutritional problem facing cancer patients is failing to consume enough calories and protein. After treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the body needs more protein to mend tissues and help prevent infection. With insufficient protein, the body’s resistance to infection is reduced and recovery from illness may take longer. Protein is found in animal products, grains, nuts, seeds and soy. Animal products are the best source of protein, although the body’s daily requirement can be satisfied through a well-planned vegan diet. A poorly planned diet that is low in animal products may lead to a protein deficiency.

There is also evidence that the macrobiotic diet can cause complications during cancer recovery, especially if the patient is suffering from extreme physical wasting (cachexia). This condition can be exacerbated by the stricter “therapeutic” versions of the diet, which may require eliminating fish and fruit and therefore often lacks essential nutrients. It is important for cancer patients to consult their physician and/or dietitian before making any dietary changes.

There are several elements of the macrobiotic diet that may be harmful to healthy people as well. For example, the restriction on animal products puts people at risk for deficiencies in protein, vitamins B12 and D, iron and calcium. This could cause additional complications such as malnutrition, anemia and other serious health problems, especially since the diet prohibits vitamin supplements.

Also, followers of the diet may find that they are restricted in the amount of fruit and types of vegetables they are allowed to eat. Fruits and vegetables provide the body with antioxidants, which protect cells from the damage of free radicals. Insufficient fruit and vegetable intake may increase the risk of heart disease, cancer and stroke, all of which have been linked to free radical damage. In addition, because the macrobiotic diet requires followers to restrict their fluid intake, they could be at risk of dehydration. In the macrobiotic diet, fluids are only to be consumed when a person is thirsty. However, thirst is a symptom of mild dehydration and restricting fluid consumption in this way is potentially harmful for the body. Water is essential to good health. People, especially those with cancer or other health conditions, are advised to drink at least eight 8-ounce glasses of water each day.

The macrobiotic diet is not generally recommended for children as it does not provide adequate amounts of nutrients and calories children need to grow. Studies have linked the macrobiotic diet to insufficient bone growth in children.

A macrobiotic diet is not recommended for people who have intestinal blockages, celiac disease or cereal grain allergies. Pregnant women and persons with kidney disease, hypertension or intestinal disorders should consult with their physician before starting a macrobiotic diet.

Early versions of the macrobiotic diet that advocated 100 percent grain consumption caused malnutrition and death and have been widely condemned by health professionals and modern macrobiotics counselors.