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Malnutrition develops in stages over time. Therefore, the signs and symptoms of malnutrition can sometimes take weeks or even months to manifest. The signs and symptoms of malnutrition vary greatly depending on the type of deficiency. In general, this may include:

• Weight loss or gain
• Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Hair loss
• Dermatitis
• Amenorrhea (lack of menstruation)
• Poor wound healing
• Easy bruising
• Dental problems
• Irritability

Protein-energy malnutrition may also involve signs and symptoms such as:

• Diarrhea
• Lethargy
• Growth retardation in children
• Swollen organs and tissue (edema)
• Swollen stomach
• Thinning and reddening of the hair
• Irritability
• Decreased muscle mass
• Changes in skin pigment
• Vitiligo (white spots on the skin)
• Failure to gain weight
• Increased number of infections related to damaged immune system
• Shock (late stage)
• Coma (late stage)

Individuals are advised to consult a physician if any of the above symptoms are experienced, especially if they are accompanied by sudden weight loss or weight gain. More information on signs and symptoms of specific types of nutrient deficiency or toxicity can be found in the Health Guide for that nutrient, including: