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Treatment for malnutrition varies depending on the type and severity of the condition. Many cases of malnutrition can be treated by replacing or limiting nutrients through the diet, treating symptoms as needed, and treating any underlying medical condition. This is especially the case for mild malnutrition that has been caused by a poor diet. A physician may recommend an eating plan for the patient to restore the balance of nutrients. Food must be reintroduced slowly, with carbohydrates first to supply energy, followed by protein foods. Supplements may also be advised for people who may consistently fail to consume a satisfactory amount of nutrients, such as vegetarians or people with substance addictions.

If the malnutrition is severe and accompanied by diarrhea, a physician may recommend that the patient receive parenteral nutrition through an intravenous (I.V.) drip. This is common for hospitalized patients and is necessary to replace the electrolytes that may have been lost through undernutrition and diarrhea. This is usually a short-term treatment. Following the parenteral treatment, the patient may be placed on a diet of liquid that has been fortified with protein, calories and micronutrients. If these diets are successful, the patient will be allowed to return to a strictly monitored diet of solid food.

Severe malnutrition requires close follow-ups to monitor the amount of nutrients being ingested. For those who have problems with absorption, it may be necessary to receive regular injections of supplements. Most signs and symptoms of undernutrition are reversed following adequate treatment.  

It can be more difficult to treat those who are overnourished. People who are obese are encouraged to lose weight by sticking to a healthy diet and engaging in regular activity. Losing as little as 5 to 7 percent of total body weight can result in a dramatic decrease in risk for health conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and stroke. If conventional weight-loss treatments (a healthy diet, exercise, stress management) do not help, a physician may recommend weight management medication or surgical intervention.

More information on treatment methods for malnutrition can be found by referring to the Health Guide for the specific nutrient.