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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are medications used to treat depression and certain neurological disorders. MAOIs work by blocking monoamine oxidase (MAO), a substance in the cells of most tissues that is involved in processing neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin. By blocking the action of MAO, the neurotransmitters remain at high levels in the brain.
MAOIs are often used to treat Parkinson’s disease. Patients with Parkinson’s disease experience destruction of the brain cells that produce dopamine, a chemical that is essential to the brain’s ability to direct the body on how and when to move. Some types of MAOIs help prevent the breakdown of dopamine.
Other neurological disorders that can benefit from MAOI treatment include:
MAOIs should not be used by patients with epilepsy as they can increase the risk of seizures. In addition, individuals who take MAOIs are usually advised to adhere closely to a medication and diet regimen that will reduce the risk of drug interactions and adverse effects on blood pressure. Side effects that can occur include insomnia, nausea, confusion and hallucinations. Symptoms of MAOI overdose can be similar to the medication’s side effects, but are usually more severe.
Patients should consult their physicians before taking any additional prescriptions, over-the-counter medications or nutritional or herbal supplements. Because of the risk of experiencing serious hypertensive side effects, patients taking MAOIs are generally advised to carry identification cards or to wear identification bracelets that indicate that they are taking these medications.
MAOIs are not typically prescribed for children or for adults over the age of 60. Women who are pregnant or are thinking about becoming pregnant should consult their physician before taking these drugs as studies have indicated that MAOIs may cause birth defects.
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