People with diabetes are at risk for suffering health problems when they take multiple medications, a state known as polypharmacy. Different drugs taken at the same time have the potential to interact and cause symptoms in the patient. This is a major concern for diabetic patients, because they often take various medications to:

• Control levels of insulin and glucose (blood sugar)
  
  
• Control complications such as high blood pressure, heart disease, abnormal cholesterol, nerve pain (neuropathy) and kidney disease (diabetic nephropathy)

• Treat conditions unrelated to diabetes, which range from arthritis and asthma to headaches and common colds. This is particularly a problem for older diabetic patients, who often take many prescription medicines.

Negative effects associated with polypharmacy are known as adverse drug reactions (ADRs). These can manifest in a variety of ways, including:

• Allergic reactions
• Depression
• Insomnia
• Irregular heartbeat
• Reduced effectiveness of medications
• Medication buildup, leading to toxicity, particularly as it relates to liver, kidney or brain function

These side effects may be more pronounced in older patients as a result of the effect of the aging process on the body. For example, the kidneys process many medications. In older people, especially those with diabetes, kidney function can be dramatically reduced. This can lead to a potentially toxic buildup of drugs in those who are taking several medications.

Many antidiabetic agents and other medications commonly prescribed to diabetes patients may interact with each other or other drugs and supplements. Individuals with diabetes should speak with their physician before taking a new medication or supplement.

In addition to over-the-counter medications and supplements, alcohol and illegal drugs can have serious interactions with medications. Also, some medications should not be taken with grapefruit juice, pomegranate juice, calcium-rich products or certain other foods. Some medicines should be taken with meals, with plenty of water, with milk, without milk or on an empty stomach. A physician or pharmacist can provide details.

Products are available to help remind people when to take their medication, such as wristwatch alarms and other timers. Pill organizers with multiple compartments may be especially helpful for individuals taking several medicines.