Many cases of memory loss resolve without treatment after a period of time. This is especially the case when memory loss is caused by mild to moderate head injuries (such as concussions) where the brain is able to recover after a short period of time.

Memory loss may be permanent when it is caused by severe head injuries or degenerative neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. In these cases, it may be possible to treat memory loss enough to enable a patient to function without requiring caregivers.

Medications used to treat cognitive loss (which includes loss of memory) may include:

• Cholinesterase inhibitors. This type of medication is often prescribed for Alzheimer's disease and other disorders that cause damage to the basal forebrain (group of structures near the bottom front of the brain). It maintains levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the brain, which is essential for memory, judgment and learning.
  
  
• N-methyl D-aspartate receptor antagonists (NMDAs). These drugs work by regulating the amount of another neurotransmitter called glutamate, which is also important for memory and learning. If there is too much glutamate in the brain, it can overstimulate parts of the brain and cause the disruption and death of neurons.
  

  

In addition, the herbal supplement ginkgo biloba is claimed to have a beneficial effect on memory. It also acts as an antioxidant (substance that inhibits cellular damage) in the body. Ginkgo biloba is a popular supplement in the United States, although its claims have not been substantiated by science and it is not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.

For memory loss caused by other neurological conditions (e.g., epilepsy, brain tumor), treating the underlying cause may resolve a patient’s memory loss. This may include the use of certain medications or surgery.

If memory loss is caused by substance abuse or as a side effect of certain medications, eliminating the substance or medication may resolve a patient’s memory loss. Patients are advised to consult their physician before discontinuing any current medications. In addition, people with substance abuse problems may wish to consult a physician about how best to stop their behavior, especially since withdrawal symptoms may include memory loss.

Psychological counseling may help resolve memory loss for people who experience psychogenic amnesia.

Patients with permanent memory loss may find memory aids useful. This can include using beeping watches or sticky notes as reminders for certain tasks. In some cases, people with conditions that result in degenerative memory loss may benefit from living in a structured environment such as long-term care facilities.