All children with mental retardation require a comprehensive evaluation to examine their own unique strengths, weaknesses and needs. This may require several different specialists, but typically includes a developmental pediatrician (a physician who specializes in child development).

Most cases of mental retardation are mild. These children can usually function at a near-normal level and, as adults, may be able to live independently. However, more severe cases require more constant support, often throughout life.

Children with mental retardation may require therapy and special training to learn many life-skills. This therapy may frequently be started before the child reaches school-age. It may include speech therapy (to improve communication skills), physical therapy (to improve motor skills) and special tutelage in other skills (e.g., social skills, work skills). Most children with mental retardation also require special schooling with an emphasis on individual attention and assistance.

A child’s pediatrician can help parents find local resources, such as early intervention agencies, support services and current literature and media. Local schools are another excellent source of information.

With comprehensive management, many children with mental retardation are able to vastly improve their levels of functioning. Sometimes, children with mild retardation no longer meet the criteria for retardation once they enter adulthood. Even children with more severe forms of mental retardation can greatly improve their ability to function. With time and training, their retardation may become less severe.