No, most migraines occur without warning, but some people experience a cluster of symptoms called an aura about 20 minutes to an hour before a migraine occurs. And some patients experience vaguer symptoms a day or two before an attack, such as emotional or abdominal distress.

What does an aura involve?

These visual disturbances can include hallucinations such as flashing lights, sensitivity to light, blind spots, blurred vision, tunnel vision and eye pain. Some patients also have trouble talking or feel tingling in their face or arm.

Who is most likely to get migraines?

Women are affected three times as often as men. People with a family history of migraines are also at much higher risk. Migraines occur most often in people between the ages of 15 and 55.

What triggers a migraine?

These vary among individuals. Many possible triggers have been identified. They include foods such as chocolate, caffeine, red wine, cheese, nitrates in processed meats, the additive MSG, pickled or fermented foods, dairy, baked goods and onions. Other triggers include hormonal changes, light, stress, noise and sleep disturbances.

What can cure my migraines?

There is no known cure. However, migraines can be treated. Many medications are used to control symptoms, such as painkillers, blood pressure drugs and triptans. Many other therapies may offer relief, such as biofeedback, cold therapy, stress management, self-hypnosis and cognitive behavioral therapy.