Mold and mildew are fungi or primitive plants that can be found both indoors and outdoors. Molds thrive in warm, damp and humid conditions but can survive in freezing environments. Molds reproduce by releasing spores or seeds which are easily spread by wind or circulated by air-conditioning. Mold can grow wherever moisture is present. The bathroom, kitchen and basement are ideal environments for mold to grow. The terms mold and mildew mean virtually the same thing but mildew generally refers to a mold infestation that is visible.

Allergic reactions to mold and mildew are common and can occur year-round. People sensitive to molds can experience symptoms such as skin irritation, nasal congestion, eye irritation and wheezing. Severe allergic reactions to mold may include fever and shortness of breath. Mold may also cause asthma or other respiratory ailments. People who are allergic to other airborne allergens (e.g., pollen, dander, dust and dust mites) may be more susceptible to mold allergies.

Mold allergies can be diagnosed by a physician. As with all allergies, mold allergies cannot be cured. The best treatment strategy for mold allergies is avoidance.

There are many ways to reduce the presence of molds indoors and limit exposure to them outdoors. However, completely eliminating molds from indoor environments is not possible. Microscopic mold spores are constantly present in virtually all environments. Therefore, allergy medications may be recommended to help control symptoms. In persistent or severe cases, allergy shots (immunotherapy) may be necessary.