The symptoms produced by allergic reactions to mold and mildew depend on the nature of the allergic reaction triggered. For instance, allergens inhaled into the nose will produce symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis (e.g., sneezing, stuffy nose, runny nose, coughing). Allergens coming into direct contact with the eyes will produce eye-related symptoms associated with allergic conjunctivitis (e.g., itching, burning, redness). Skin rashes may also occur.

In people with asthma, exposure to mold can trigger asthma attacks. Signs and symptoms often associated with asthma attacks include wheezing, coughing and shortness of breath.

There can be a wide variation in how individuals react to mold exposure. People who may be affected more severely or quickly than others include:

• Infants and children
  
  
• Elderly people
  
  
• Pregnant women
  
  
• People with respiratory conditions, allergies or asthma
  
  
• People with weakened immune systems (e.g., people with HIV infection, chemotherapy patients, organ or bone marrow transplant recipients, people with autoimmune diseases)

Some rare molds produce toxins called mycotoxins to defend against other molds and bacteria. The effects from inhaling mycotoxins are not clearly understood and are being studied, but some reports suggest that depending upon exposure level these mycotoxins may cause toxic effects in people. Some symptoms resulting from mycotoxin exposure include:

• Fatigue
• Nausea
• Headaches
• Respiratory irritation
• Eye irritation
• Inability to concentrate

Though unproven, some reports suggest that on extremely rare occasions toxigenic molds found inside homes may cause health conditions such as pulmonary hemorrhage or memory loss. Also largely unproven are reports that Stachybotrys atra or black mold can cause personality changes, sleep disorders and fatal bleeding in the lungs of infants when combined with secondhand smoke. People are encouraged to discuss their concerns over these or other symptoms and any potential link to mold allergies with their physician.