Patients should consult their dentist about whether they should use mouthwash, and what type may be appropriate for them. Certain oral health conditions may preclude use of mouthwashes. For example, overuse of antiseptic mouthwashes in patients with thrush may upset the normal balance of microorganisms in the mouth.

In most cases, mouthwashes are not recommended for use in children age 12 and younger. Children may swallow the mouthwash rather than spit it out, which can be harmful, especially if the mouthwash contains fluoride or alcohol.

There are instances where a dentist may suggest using mouthwash as part of a daily oral health routine, especially for patients with a high risk of tooth decay, periodontal (gum) disease and gum inflammation.

Mouthwash also may be recommended for patients who undergo oral surgery or treatment for periodontal disease (e.g., scaling, root planing). For example, patients may be urged to temporarily use mouthwash to prevent bacteria build-up on the teeth instead of brushing and flossing after such procedures. This gives the gums a chance to heal from irritation that may have occurred as part of these treatments.

In addition, mouthwash may be recommended for patients with the following conditions:

• Dry mouth (xerostomia). A lack of saliva can increase the risk of tooth decay. Regular daily use of mouthwash can help keep the oral cavity clean and moist. Some rinses can encourage saliva production. Dry mouth may have a variety of causes, including certain medical conditions (e.g., Sjögren’s syndrome), treatments (e.g., radiation to the head or neck) or as a side effect of many different types of medications.
  
  
• Inability to perform regular oral hygiene. Mouthwash can help maintain oral hygiene in people with physical impairments or medical conditions that prevent them from adequately brushing or flossing their teeth.
  
  
• Braces, dental appliances. Mouthwashes may help clean areas of the mouth that are difficult to reach with brushing or flossing.
  
  
• Canker sores. Painful open lesions inside the mouth. A dentist may recommend or prescribe certain types of mouthwash to cleanse the area and help reduce the pain and irritation of canker sores.
  
  
• Immune system deficiency. People with immune system problems are at greater risk of oral infections and inflammation. Mouthwash can provide added protection against these problems.