There is a great deal of research being conducted in multiple myeloma, including clinical trials and scientific studies. Areas of research for multiple myeloma include:

• Transplants. Researchers are studying ways to improve the survival rate of patients following high-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. Many studies are being conducted to explore the benefits of following an autologous (using the patient’s own cells) transplant with an allogenic one (using cells from donors). In addition, a new radioactive drug is being studied for use prior to stem cell transplant. This drug targets the bone and bone marrow that is to be treated. 
  
  
• Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Produced by bone marrow-support tissue, the tumor growth factor IL-6 encourages the development of myeloma cells and eventually causes bone destruction. Researchers are trying to develop ways to block IL-6.
  
  
• RANKL. Produced in the bone marrow, the tumor growth factor RANKL stimulates the cells responsible for dissolving bone. People with multiple myeloma have abnormally high amounts of RANKL. Scientists are looking for ways to block RANKL. One method being studied is the use of a natural substance known as osteoprotegerin.
  
  
• Many new drugs are being tested for use in the treatment of multiple myeloma, including immunomodulatory agents (ImiDs), arsenic trioxide, radioactive drugs and thalidomide.
  
  In addition, a new drug that blocks blood vessel growth is being studied to treat multiple myeloma. Other drugs that block or attack molecules associated with tumor growth are also being evaluated in research studies. Two of the drugs, known as farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTI), are being studied in clinical trials of multiple myeloma patients.
  
  
• Diagnostic tests. A new test called gene expression profiling has been developed in recent years. This test can help determine which patients will need to receive intensive treatment. This test is experimental and needs additional research before it is used routinely for patients.