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Naltrexone is a prescription medication that works to block the pleasurable brain effects of opioids and alcohol. It is used to treat addiction to opioid drugs and alcohol. Naltrexone is only one aspect of the complex treatment plans for these addictions. These treatments plans are individualized to the patient and frequently include counseling and support group meetings.

Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist, and works by blocking the receptors that opioids bind to.  This results in diminished euphoria, reduced cravings and greater ease in managing the addiction.

Naltrexone is not a narcotic. It will not cause euphoria, addiction or dependence. However, it will not prevent alcohol intoxication. If taken by patients who are currently  taking opioid drugs, naltrexone may cause symptoms of opioid withdrawal.

Until recently, naltrexone was only available in pill form and had to be taken on a daily basis. However, in April 2006, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved an injectable version of the drug that is administered once a month for the treatment of alcoholism. The new form of the drug helps ensure that patients are adhering to their treatment plan by ridding them of the temptation to skip their daily dose of naltrexone in order to experience the pleasurable effects of alcohol.

Naltrexone is only available by a physician’s prescription. The exact duration of naltrexone treatment depends on the individual patient and the specifics of the patient’s addiction. However, the medication is frequently taken for 12 weeks or longer. It is available under the brand names ReVia and Depade. Liver function tests are required before naltrexone is prescribed and every month for six months thereafter.