For the millions at risk for developing diabetes, action can be taken to delay and possibly even prevent the disease. Typically this involves weight loss.

Prevention of obesity requires a healthy lifestyle, including a well-balanced diet that is high in fiber and low in fat and refined sugars. It is estimated that 64 to 74 percent of all cases of type 2 diabetes could be prevented by reducing body mass index (BMI) to below 25, according to the Nurses’ Health Study. The Nurses’ Health Study followed more than 120,000 registered nurses to investigate the risk factors for major illnesses that affect women.

Time after time, studies have shown that weight loss and exercise can significantly reduce the risk of developing serious diseases, such as diabetes. The landmark Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) showed that even a moderate increase in activity levels combined with a weight loss of just 5 to 7 percent of body weight can delay and possibly prevent the onset of diabetes in people considered to be at high risk of developing the disease. In fact, those who made modifications to their lifestyle were able to reduce their risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 58 percent.

Weight loss is best achieved gradually, under a physician's supervision, through regular exercise and sensible meal planning. Nutrition counseling and support groups may benefit some people. Patients considering weight-loss drugs or surgery are urged to consult their physician about the risks and benefits.